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Unit Ei 1644 (Japanese: 栄1644部隊), also known as Unit 1644, was a covert biological and chemical warfare research and development unit of the Imperial Japanese Army that undertook lethal human experimentation during the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945) and World War II. It was responsible for some of the most notorious war crimes carried out by Japanese personnel, and was based in Nanjing, China.
Unit 1644 was established after the Nanjing Massacre. It was originally established as an Epidemic Prevention and Water Supply Department (EPWSD) (Boeki Kyusui Bu). It soon became a center for the testing of chemical and biological weapons. It was part of the human experimentation facilities operated by Shiro Ishii.
Unit 1644 conducted tests to determine human susceptibility to a variety of harmful stimuli ranging from infectious diseases to poison gas. It was the largest germ experimentation center in China. Unit 1644 regularly carried out human vivisections as well as infecting humans with cholera, typhus, and bubonic plague.
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